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Cambridge Secondary (7-9). Stage 7. MCE Science. Student Book - Unit 6: Materials and Their Structure

Question 1

The picture shows a glacier, which contains a large amount of solid ice that has collected over many hundreds of years. Ice melts into liquid water. Liquid water evaporates into a gas that we cannot see, called water vapour.

What is water made up of?

Question 2

The picture shows a glacier, which contains a large amount of solid ice that has collected over many hundreds of years. Ice melts into liquid water. Liquid water evaporates into a gas that we cannot see, called water vapour.

What gives the different forms of water their different properties?

Question 3

Glaciers around the world are melting because the Earth is getting warmer. How might this affect people living near mountains?

Question 4

You are probably used to making ice cubes. Ice is the solid state of water. How many other forms of water can you name?

Question 5

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

Discuss the following: What items do you need for your test? Figure 6.2 shows some things that might be useful.

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Question 6

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

How will you test each of these properties?
• Whether the item has a definite shape
• Whether it can flow
• Whether it can be compressed
• Whether it has a definite volume

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Question 7

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

What steps will you follow in your investigation?

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Question 8

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

What apparatus or other materials do you need?

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Question 9

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

Write the plan for your investigation. Do you need to do anything to carry out the investigation safely?

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Question 10

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

Check your plan with your teacher, then carry out your investigation. Record your observations in a suitable form.

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Question 11

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

Not all investigations run smoothly. What difficulties did you have?

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Question 12

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

How could you improve your investigation if you had to do it again?

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Question 13

Work in small groups. Plan an investigation to compare the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Find out about the following: Can they change shape? Can they expand or be compressed? Can they flow?

Make conclusions based on your results.

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Question 14

The brakes on a car rub against the wheel to slow it. To operate them, the driver pushes on a pedal inside the car. The ‘pushing’ action on the pedal is transferred to the brakes by a tube full of liquid. What property of liquids allows them to transfer a ‘pushing’ action in this way?

Question 15

Make a model of the particles in a solid using marbles or stones in a plastic container.

Question 16

Do the same for the particles in a liquid and in a gas. [This part: liquid. Use marbles or stones in a plastic container.]

Question 17

Do the same for the particles in a liquid and in a gas. [This part: gas. Use marbles or stones in a plastic container.]

Question 18

Show your three models to the class and discuss. What are the strengths of your model?

Question 19

What are its limitations? [Discuss the three particle models made from marbles or stones.]

Question 20

Some models do not have a physical form, but instead run on computers. Weather models are an example. Suggest why weather models are important.
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