Cambridge Secondary (7-9). Stage 9. MCE Science. Student Book - Unit 4: The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

The uses of hydrogen are related to its properties. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen as a fuel source?

Other than hydrogen, there are many useful elements in our everyday life. How do Scientists study these elements systematically?

Work in pairs. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a calcium atom. You do not need to show the protons and neutrons.

What is the electronic structure of calcium?

What is the mass number of calcium? Use the value in the Periodic Table on page 80.

Why is an atom electrically neutral?

Complete the diagrams to show the atomic number, symbol and mass number of three elements. Use the Periodic Table on page 80 to help you.

Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a boron atom.

Use the Periodic Table on page 80 to answer this question.



What is the electronic structure of aluminium?

Use the Periodic Table on page 80 to answer this question.



Which element has the electronic structure 2, 8, 4?

Use the Periodic Table on page 80 to answer this question.



How many protons are there in a lithium atom?

Use the Periodic Table on page 80 to answer this question.



How many electrons are there in an oxygen atom?

Use the Periodic Table on page 80 to answer this question.



What is the mass number of neon?

Give the name for protons and neutrons grouped together.

Work in small groups. Draw a Periodic Table showing only the first 20 elements. Label the groups and periods.

Find out some information about the first 20 elements. This can include: when the element was discovered; what properties and uses it has; atomic and mass numbers.

Are the elements in the same group similar? Share your answers with the class.

Table 4.1: lithium (Li): density 0.53 g/cm³, melting point 180°C, boiling point 1342°C; sodium (Na): 0.97 g/cm³, 98°C, 883°C; potassium (K): 0.89 g/cm³, 63°C, 759°C. Look at Table 4.1. Can you see a trend as you look at the table? In pairs, discuss your answer.

Does the atomic number and mass number increase or decrease? Context: compare lithium, sodium and potassium, whose atomic numbers are 3, 11, 19 and whose isotope-model mass numbers in the book are 7, 23, 39. In pairs, discuss your answer.

Table 4.1: lithium (Li): density 0.53 g/cm³, melting point 180°C, boiling point 1342°C; sodium (Na): 0.97 g/cm³, 98°C, 883°C; potassium (K): 0.89 g/cm³, 63°C, 759°C. Does the boiling point increase or decrease down the group? In pairs, discuss your answer.