Question 23
Materials: Safety goggles, heat-resistant gloves, three beakers with 50 cm³ of water each, Bunsen burner with tripod stand and wire gauze, lighter, thermometer, 50 g sodium chloride (table salt), 50 g magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts), 50 g copper sulfate, stirring rod or spoon, scale.
2 Put on your safety goggles. Set up the tripod stand and place a wire gauze on top of the stand. Place the beaker of water on the wire gauze. Light the Bunsen burner and heat the water to 20°C.
3 Add 5 g of table salt and stir with the spoon or stirrer until all the sodium chloride has dissolved. Continue doing this, adding 2 g of sodium chloride at a time, until it reaches saturation. Record how much sodium chloride you have added in the table on the next page.
4 Then, heat the solution to 40°C. Again, add 1 or 2 g of sodium chloride at a time until saturation occurs. Record how much sodium chloride you have added in the table.
5 Then, heat the solution to 60°C. Continue adding sodium chloride until saturation occurs and record your result.
6 Finally, heat the solution to 80°C. Continue adding sodium chloride until saturation occurs and record your result.
7 Repeat the investigation (steps 2 to 6). Use the second beaker and magnesium sulfate instead of sodium chloride.
8 Repeat the investigation again (steps 2 to 6). Use the third beaker and copper sulfate. Record your results in the table.
Caution: Wear safety goggles. Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot equipment. Use a glass or heat-resistant plastic stirring rod to stir the solution. Stir gently to avoid splashing hot water or breaking the beaker. Turn off the heat source immediately after the experiment is completed to avoid accidental burns. Handle chemicals with care, using a spoon or spatula to avoid direct contact. Avoid mixing different chemicals unless instructed, as this could result in dangerous reactions.
| Temperature (°C) | Mass of sodium chloride that dissolves (g) | Mass of magnesium sulfate that dissolves (g) | Mass of copper sulfate that dissolves (g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
| 40 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
| 60 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
| 80 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
2 Put on your safety goggles. Set up the tripod stand and place a wire gauze on top of the stand. Place the beaker of water on the wire gauze. Light the Bunsen burner and heat the water to 20°C.
3 Add 5 g of table salt and stir with the spoon or stirrer until all the sodium chloride has dissolved. Continue doing this, adding 2 g of sodium chloride at a time, until it reaches saturation. Record how much sodium chloride you have added in the table on the next page.
4 Then, heat the solution to 40°C. Again, add 1 or 2 g of sodium chloride at a time until saturation occurs. Record how much sodium chloride you have added in the table.
5 Then, heat the solution to 60°C. Continue adding sodium chloride until saturation occurs and record your result.
6 Finally, heat the solution to 80°C. Continue adding sodium chloride until saturation occurs and record your result.
7 Repeat the investigation (steps 2 to 6). Use the second beaker and magnesium sulfate instead of sodium chloride.
8 Repeat the investigation again (steps 2 to 6). Use the third beaker and copper sulfate. Record your results in the table.
Caution: Wear safety goggles. Use heat-resistant gloves when handling hot equipment. Use a glass or heat-resistant plastic stirring rod to stir the solution. Stir gently to avoid splashing hot water or breaking the beaker. Turn off the heat source immediately after the experiment is completed to avoid accidental burns. Handle chemicals with care, using a spoon or spatula to avoid direct contact. Avoid mixing different chemicals unless instructed, as this could result in dangerous reactions.
| Temperature (°C) | Mass of sodium chloride that dissolves (g) | Mass of magnesium sulfate that dissolves (g) | Mass of copper sulfate that dissolves (g) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
| 40 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
| 60 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
| 80 | ___ | ___ | ___ |
